2009 Nobel Laureates

A. Field : Physiology or Medicine 2009

Reason : For the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme
telomerase

Awardees :

1. Elizabeth H. Blackburn (1/3) - USA
2. Carol W. Greider (1/3) - USA
3. Jack W. Szostak (1/3) - USA

B. Field : Physics

Awardees :
1. Charles K. Kao (1/2) - China : Reason - For groundbreaking achievements concerning the
transmission of light in fibers for optical communication

Reason : For the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor

2. Willard S. Boyle (1/4) - USA
3. George E. Smith (1/4) - USA

C. Field : Chemistry

Reason : For studies of the structure and function of the ribosome

Awardees :

1. Venkatraman Ramakrishnan (1/3) - UK (Indian Origin)
2. Thomas A. Steitz (1/3) - USA
3. Ada E. Yonath (1/3) - Israel

D. Field : Literature

Reason : For depicting the landscape of the dispossessed with the concentration of poetry and
the frankness of prose

Awardee :

1. Herta Müller - Germany

E. Field : Peace

Reason : For his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation
between peoples

Awardee :

1. Barack Hussein Obama - USA